Ekgas, a pressure regulator is a device that reduces high inlet pressure to a stable, lower outlet pressure and keeps that outlet pressure constant even when inlet pressure or flow demand changes.

Below is a clear, step-by-step explanation.

Basic Working Principle

A pressure regulator works by balancing forces between:

• Inlet pressure

• Outlet pressure

• Spring force

• Diaphragm or piston movement

Main Components

1. Inlet port – where high-pressure fluid or gas enters

2. Valve seat & valve plug – controls flow opening

3. Diaphragm or piston – senses outlet pressure

4. Adjusting spring – sets the desired outlet pressure

5. Outlet port – delivers regulated pressure

How It Works (Step by Step)

1️⃣ Pressure Setting

• Turning the adjusting screw/knob compresses the spring.

• Spring force determines the target outlet pressure.

2️⃣ Pressure Drops → Valve Opens

• When downstream pressure is lower than the set pressure:

  • Spring force pushes the diaphragm downward.

  • The valve opens.

  • More fluid or gas flows through.

3️⃣ Pressure Rises → Valve Closes

• As outlet pressure increases:

  • Pressure pushes back against the diaphragm.

  • Once outlet pressure equals spring force:

    • The valve partially or fully closes.

    • Flow is reduced or stopped.

4️⃣ Automatic Balance

• The regulator continuously adjusts the valve position.

• This keeps outlet pressure stable, even if:

  • Inlet pressure changes

  • Flow demand increases or decreases

Simple Analogy

Think of a water faucet with a smart hand:

• When pressure drops → hand opens faucet

• When pressure rises → hand closes faucet

• Result: steady flow and pressure

Types of Pressure Regulators

Where Pressure Regulators Are Used

• Gas burners and boilers

• Industrial furnaces

• Compressed air systems

• Oil & gas pipelines

• Chemical processing

• Fire protection systems

Why Pressure Regulators Are Important

✔ Protect downstream equipment
✔ Improve system safety
✔ Ensure stable operation
✔ Reduce energy waste